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What is a Cambridge Change?
An explanation of a Cambridge Change, including the difference between substantive changes and Cambridge changes.
Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, GhostlyYorick, Hendrick McDonald, horace chan, Will DeRousse, Star Gazer, Paul Linkogle, Julian Seidl, Doǧan Çetin, Thomas Kristic, Panos Tsivi, Jesse Willette and Daniel West. Thanks for your support on Patreon! If you want to become a patron, follow this link: www.patreon.com/Carneades
Here are some videos you might enjoy:
The 100 Days of Logic (ua-cam.com/play/PLz0n_SjOttTcjHsuebLrl0fjab5fdToui.html)
History of Philosophy (ua-cam.com/play/PLz0n_SjOttTc3DVJVu-A7Oz9PPSR2eCN5.html)
Ancient Philosophers & Zeno’s Paradoxes (ua-cam.com/play/PLz0n_SjOttTe34Mjc1e2ar_qqpMqcpxvv.html)
ExPhi Experimental Philosophy (ua-cam.com/channels/a9HhN3Obz4xq_jyPlZE_lw.html)
Map of Philosophy (ua-cam.com/video/YxBShJU_CKs/v-deo.html)
More videos with Carneades (ua-cam.com/channels/1VzCyqpmCaRh8_BnijbOvg.html)
Philosophy by Topic:
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Political Philosophy: ua-cam.com/play/PLz0n_SjOttTfaixflq-_HpB60jNz9uFJt.html
Philosophy of Religion: ua-cam.com/play/PLz0n_SjOttTcrnflyetSnrzk_hWOPtzCe.html
Ancient Philosophy: ua-cam.com/play/PLz0n_SjOttTcBISYZ7mSQVzPizR17dQGh.html
Philosophy of Science: ua-cam.com/play/PLz0n_SjOttTf9XmTQncrxtuWPEvXN9vUC.html
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Information for this video gathered from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Collier-MacMillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the Dictionary of Continental Philosophy, and more!
Переглядів: 153

Відео

What is Genocide?
Переглядів 2,5 тис.23 години тому
An explanation of the concept of genocide, including Raphael Lemkin's original definition, the official UN definition, an examination of some of the metaphysical issues and ethical questions raised, and an assessment of twenty-two modern and ancient genocides. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan,...
Proof that Numbers Follow Numbers (Peano Postulate 2)
Переглядів 54914 днів тому
A logical proof of the second Peano Postulate, that the successor of a Natural Number is a Natural Number. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, GhostlyYorick, Hendrick McDo...
What is Satanism?
Переглядів 1,3 тис.21 день тому
An explanation of four different religious traditions that identify as Satanism, including the Satanic Temple, the Church of Satan, the Temple of Set, and the Order of the Nine Angles. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, ...
Proof that Zero is a Natural Number
Переглядів 1,3 тис.28 днів тому
A step by step proof of the first Peano Postulate, that Zero is a Natural Number. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, GhostlyYorick, Hendrick McDonald, horace chan, Will D...
Humanism vs Atheism (Philosophical Distinction)
Переглядів 1,5 тис.Місяць тому
An explanation of the difference between Humanism and Atheism, as well as some organizations that support these communities. Also included are brief explanations of Nihilism and Anti-Nihilism. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua ...
What is a Zermelo Universe?
Переглядів 1,1 тис.Місяць тому
An explanation of the seven axioms that make up a Zermelo Universe, adding the Axiom of Infinity to our basic universe. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, GhostlyYorick, ...
What is Secularism?
Переглядів 1 тис.Місяць тому
An explanation of Secularism, Secularization, the works of George Holyoake, and more! Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, GhostlyYorick, Hendrick McDonald, horace chan, Wi...
What is the Axiom of Infinity? (Set Theory)
Переглядів 1,1 тис.Місяць тому
An explanation of the Axiom of Infinity in Set Theory, which will take our universe from a basic universe to a Zermelo Universe. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, Ghostl...
What is Freethought?
Переглядів 1,2 тис.2 місяці тому
An explanation of the philosophical position of Freethought, including positions of Anthony Collins, Abu Bakr Al-Razi, and Ibn Al-Rawandi. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssi...
What is a Natural Number? (Set Theory)
Переглядів 7312 місяці тому
The set theoretical definition of a Natural Number, the third basic concept needed for Peano Arithmetic. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, GhostlyYorick, Hendrick McDona...
7 Secular Advocacy Organizations
Переглядів 6902 місяці тому
A list of 7 organizations in the US that are advocating for a secular government, and a kick-off of a mini series on the philosophies underpinning these organizations! Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Mult...
What is an Inductive Set? (Set Theory)
Переглядів 7632 місяці тому
An explanation of an inductive set in set theory and Peano Arthmetic. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, GhostlyYorick, Hendrick McDonald, horace chan, Will DeRousse, Sta...
What is a Tabula Rasa?
Переглядів 1,3 тис.2 місяці тому
An explanation of the philosophical concept of a tabula rasa or blank slate, including its importance to empiricism and what is meant by innate ideas. Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Av...
What is Von Neumann Successorship? (Peano Arithmetic)
Переглядів 7853 місяці тому
Sponsors: NBA_Ruby, Antybodi, Federico Galvão, Mike Gloudemans, Andy Capone, Andreas Froestl, The Jack Bancroft, Jakey, Andrew Sullivan, Eugene SY, Tyler James, Antoinemp1, Dennis Sexton, Joao Sa, Joshua Furman, SirSpammenot Multitude, Ploney, Avatar, Diéssica, GhostlyYorick, Hendrick McDonald, horace chan, Will DeRousse, Star Gazer, Paul Linkogle, Julian Seidl, Doǧan Çetin, Thomas Kristic, Pan...
What is the Paradox of Supererogation? (Going Beyond the Call of Duty)
Переглядів 1,5 тис.3 місяці тому
What is the Paradox of Supererogation? (Going Beyond the Call of Duty)
What is Zermelo Successorship
Переглядів 8503 місяці тому
What is Zermelo Successorship
What is the Paradox of Intentionality? (Death of the Author)
Переглядів 2 тис.3 місяці тому
What is the Paradox of Intentionality? (Death of the Author)
Varieties of Successorship (Set Theory)
Переглядів 6234 місяці тому
Varieties of Successorship (Set Theory)
What is Zero? (Set Theory Definition)
Переглядів 1,2 тис.4 місяці тому
What is Zero? (Set Theory Definition)
Moral Relativism vs Moral Subjectivism (Meta-Ethics)
Переглядів 3,3 тис.4 місяці тому
Moral Relativism vs Moral Subjectivism (Meta-Ethics)
How to Build the Peano Postulates
Переглядів 6904 місяці тому
How to Build the Peano Postulates
What is the Paradox of Solipsism?
Переглядів 3,1 тис.5 місяців тому
What is the Paradox of Solipsism?
What is the Principle of Mathematical Induction (Peano Postulate 5)
Переглядів 9175 місяців тому
What is the Principle of Mathematical Induction (Peano Postulate 5)
What is the Paradox of Linguistic Elegance? (Ockham's Razor)
Переглядів 1,8 тис.5 місяців тому
What is the Paradox of Linguistic Elegance? (Ockham's Razor)
No Branching Number Lines (Peano Postulate 4)
Переглядів 6295 місяців тому
No Branching Number Lines (Peano Postulate 4)
What is the Problem of Numeric Parsimony? (Ockham's Razor)
Переглядів 1,3 тис.5 місяців тому
What is the Problem of Numeric Parsimony? (Ockham's Razor)
Zero is the Beginning (Peano Postulate 3)
Переглядів 7386 місяців тому
Zero is the Beginning (Peano Postulate 3)
What is the Package Deal Fallacy?
Переглядів 1,1 тис.6 місяців тому
What is the Package Deal Fallacy?
What is the Paradox of Curve Fitting?
Переглядів 1,5 тис.6 місяців тому
What is the Paradox of Curve Fitting?

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @InventiveHarvest
    @InventiveHarvest 10 годин тому

    In regards to making videos longer, I often feel that in the diabolical definitions videos a 'why should we care section could be added. This video is a good example. It seems interesting, but I find myself wondering what I should do with this information.

  • @carlosvillaseca7928
    @carlosvillaseca7928 17 годин тому

    In October I was surprised some groups were calling it a genocide a few days after the war started and I think it is wonderful that someone finally tries to discuss why they might consider it a genocide. It is interesting that somebody may use the word genocide without thinking of killing. Words migrate in meaning and I've always heard it used with mass killings. The word genocide has a significant trace of death. The whole Gaza war has been a surprise to me how it has been reported and discussed. The bombing of a hospital was proved to be a bombing of a parking lot by Hamas. The hospitals never ran out of the fuel and medicine that the news was so concerned by. The pits filled with corpses was filmed that Hamas did it before Israel came. And the amount of food going into Gaza from Israel has been proven to not be causing a famine. It is the movement of the food to the people that cause the problem. You can even watch the videos of Hamas stealing from the supply convoys. I am surprised that no matter how much can be shown, when people want to believe something, their minds can do everything to deny the physical proof. And why would the Israelis want to starve Palestinian children? You could just as easily carpet bomb the refugee camp if you want to kill. Not that I am suggesting it. Sure there are supply chain problems in a war--but maybe some Hamas media manipulation also. I do commend Carneades for taking on this difficult topic and attempting to look at it from both sides.

  • @Readinganddifference
    @Readinganddifference День тому

    I highly recommend the episode from The Lawfare Podcast: Israel, Gaza, and the Law of War With Natalie K. Orpett, Gabor Rona, Jen Patja Thursday, January 4, 2024 What does international humanitarian law say about the current conflict between Israel and Hamas?

  • @darklelouchg8505
    @darklelouchg8505 День тому

    Thoughts on how instinctual behavior and/or genetic memory may challenge/modify this concept?

  • @GentlemanLife-Beyotch
    @GentlemanLife-Beyotch 2 дні тому

    Monism > Moanism

  • @phillipanthony2402
    @phillipanthony2402 2 дні тому

    read Thinking and Destiny by Harold Waldwin Percival

  • @jaredgreen2363
    @jaredgreen2363 2 дні тому

    Ooh, animated face, how did you do it?

  • @katabasis9999
    @katabasis9999 3 дні тому

    There were 750k palestinians in 1948. Today there are almost 6 million. Is that genocide?

  • @batcore
    @batcore 3 дні тому

    This is the dumbest shit I've ever been forced to learn

  • @sachamm
    @sachamm 3 дні тому

    The context is so important when applying these ideas to real life. I'm sure there are valid criticisms but I think you did a pretty damn good job here. One of your best IMHO.

  • @Lamster66
    @Lamster66 3 дні тому

    To Answer the title look no further than Gaza allegedly.

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 3 дні тому

      Yep, what muslims have done to atheist, and LGBT people is deplorable, glad Israel is stepping in to save lives 🇮🇱☺️

    • @Lamster66
      @Lamster66 2 дні тому

      @@vondas1480 Lol where are you getting your news from?

  • @waderutherford9083
    @waderutherford9083 3 дні тому

    Weren't the original Tasmanian natives and the Emishi (arguably) wiped out?

  • @npnd5112
    @npnd5112 4 дні тому

    no, its infinitely horrible

  • @seanmuniz4651
    @seanmuniz4651 5 днів тому

    Link of one of the related videos you've mentioned is missing from the description box. Namely: "What is Liberalism?" Link should be between "What is the Philosophy of Race?" and "What is Ubuntu Philosophy?".

  • @Shaftalooooo
    @Shaftalooooo 5 днів тому

    Here As an Asian, I think C.R.T. In its principle is an attempt to undermine hardwork. Wealth accumulation, education, and all requires hard work something the new generation ain’t prepared for. Hardwork pays off

    • @doodleprophet
      @doodleprophet 3 дні тому

      CRT is a legal theory that argues laws and legal frameworks shaped American racism Try reading something like Yick Wu v Hopkins or anything on Jim Crow. CRT is American legal history. Check out the CRT amendments in the constitution: -13th Amendment -14th Amendment -15th Amendment

  • @jacobderin1402
    @jacobderin1402 5 днів тому

    I wanted to note a couple of areas where it looks to me like you’ve confused the definition of genocide. In some places you seem to be conflating the actus reus and mens rea required for genocide. Committing an act of genocide, especially the imposition of conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of the group, is only genocide if accompanied by the specific intent to accomplish the biological annihilation of the group. So it wouldn’t be accurate to say that the UN definition incorporates Lemkin’s original understanding of the term because it explicitly excludes cultural genocide. The appellate division of the ICTY recognized this in its ruling on the Srebrenica case: “[C]ustomary international law limits the definition of genocide to those acts seeking the physical or biological destruction of all or part of the group. [A]n enterprise attacking only the cultural or sociological characteristics of a human group in order to annihilate these elements which give to that group its own identity distinct from the rest of the community would not fall under the definition of genocide.” So the conditions of life calculated to *destroy* must be calculated to biologically destroy a “part” of the group. What is “part” in this context? The court defined it in the Srebrenica case as “the alleged perpetrator intended to destroy at least a substantial part of the protected group. The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4.” So, to sum up, you’d need to show that the genocidal act (deportation, forcible transfer of children, etc) aimed at the physical destruction of at least enough of the group to endanger its survival as such. So for instance, the deportation of the Rohingya in Myanmar is an act of genocide only if the perpetrators are attempting thereby to physically annihilate the protected group. Merely scattering or displacing them is not enough. With regard to the First Arab-Israeli War/ the “Nakba”, this requirement makes clear that the actions of Jewish groups were not genocide. Removing a people from a place, even by violence, is not genocide unless the intent is to physically destroy them. Here you’ve conflated ethnic cleansing and genocide. There’s an additional question about whether this was a state policy or the acts of individual commanders. So it’s not even entirely clear that the requisite mental state existed for criminal responsibility. You also neglected to mention that the Arab armies attacked first - a fairly important point. We can argue about whether this bar is too high but nevertheless it is the bar. Viz a viz Israel and Hamas, it seems clear that Hamas intended the physical annihilation of as many Jewish Israelis as possible. Their complete destruction wasn’t possible but, again, from the Srebrenica appeal: “The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. Nazi Germany may have intended only to eliminate Jews within Europe alone; that ambition probably did not extend, even at the height of its power, to an undertaking of that enterprise on a global scale. Similarly, the perpetrators of genocide in Rwanda did not seriously contemplate the elimination of the Tutsi population beyond the country’s borders. The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can - in combination with other factors - inform the analysis.” So, Hamas’ intent to physically annihilate Jewish Israeli communities on the border with Gaza constitutes genocidal intent once we define the relevant geographic area as their effective zone of control during the killings and establish their purpose to physically annihilate the protected group within it. From public statements, military plans and acts on the day, this seems almost impossible to dispute. Israel’s actions in Gaza, however, are far more complicated because they happened in the context of an armed conflict where multiple motives may have been at play. I’m aware of no international case law parsing multiple motives in the genocide context. Very few such cases have gone to trial for obvious reasons. But we may doubt that Israeli leaders formed the requisite intent based upon the simple observation that the killings stopped once they established military control. Unlike Hamas, the IDF didn’t round up Palestinian civilians and shoot them in the streets once military resistance ended. The most plausible case for genocide would be the bombing campaign and the possibility that it intended the annihilation of Gazans “in part.” But it would be a strange genocide indeed where the perpetrator intended the annihilation of substantial numbers of the protected group, risked international condemnation to kill then from the air, but then stopped short of killing them on the ground. What’s more reasonable to infer is that Israeli leaders intended the destruction of Hamas (a political, unprotected group) and recklessly disregarded the impact on civilians. This may be morally reprehensible in a variety of ways but it isn’t specific intent.

    • @SuperKripke
      @SuperKripke 2 дні тому

      Zionists pretending like genocide wasn't a word people used outside of the Geneva convention. The use of paramilitary groups to go from village to village to murder and remove the native population to make lebensraum for your newly forming state and impose your invented language is genocide. Similarly indiscriminate bombing of civilian areas blockaded by your nation and forcing starvation and pestilence is genocide. The only remaining consideration is the access of journalists and independent fact gatherers to determine the scale but Israel is not escaping the common use of the word genocide (as is the the case with China or Myanmar). People aren't stupid. If you are good faith interested I recommend you read South afric'a submission for a fuller picture of Israel's atrocities.

  • @nienke7713
    @nienke7713 5 днів тому

    I think the original definition by Lemkin is better than the legalistic one adopted by the UN. The focus on culture is very important, and whilst mass murder of members of a cultural group is certainly a way to get it done, it's certainly not the only way. Race, nationality, religion, and politics are all potential factors in culture, and as such they are relevent insofar as they are cultural distinctions. A racial/national/religious/political group may be targeted due to its links to a culture. But culture isn't perfectly linked to those things, for instance many people who have stopped believing in a religion they have been part of for a significant part of their life choose to maintain cultural elements from that religion despite not believing anymore, and they may even pass those cultural traditions down to their children. And in general it's important to make a distinction between the culture and whatever it's linked to. Things like abusing children, discrimination/marginalisation/persecution/mistreatment/abuse if marginalised people, and power structures are not cultural elements, so taking meadures to prevent those or protect against them isn't genocidal. But things such as banning people from wearing certain clothing that has cultural significance is a way to commit genocide without ever attempting to cause the death of anyone.

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 5 днів тому

      Got it, telling someone to remove their swastica is genocide. What a meaningless term.

    • @nienke7713
      @nienke7713 5 днів тому

      @@vondas1480 if by swastika you mean the original symbol (with orthogonal orientation) as used in various Asian cultures, then yes, forcibly taking that from them is genocide. If you mean the Nazi Hakenkreuz (diagonal orientation) then no, that's not a cultural symbol, it's the logo of a hate movement that committed genocide.

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 5 днів тому

      ​@@nienke7713 You finding it distasteful doesn't make it not part of German culture, and objectively it was a national symbol which you stated is a protected category. And if you want to go the route of saying being hateful/genocidal disqualifies you as a culture then there would be no cultures at all except in the last few decades (which I'm fine with, as it excludes muslims and p*lestinines)

    • @nienke7713
      @nienke7713 5 днів тому

      @@vondas1480 no, it's not a German national symbol, it's not part of German culture, it was the symbol of the Nazi Party, and that's not culture in any way

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 5 днів тому

      @@nienke7713 ah yes Germany had no national flag between 1935-1945. And who are you to tell millions of Germans what is and isn’t their own culture? I may want them bombed for their culture but by your own definition you’re the one committing genocide by claiming there’s doesn’t exist.

  • @andreasbrey6277
    @andreasbrey6277 5 днів тому

    I really appreciated the quality and concise discussion, though I am kinda frightened because of the talking letter-man ;-) One objection: The influence of church systems and its implied legal and social pressures. You are NOT 'free' to change your 'belief' like a pair of socks and therefore ARE born with it to a very certain degree. It is an inelastic good so to speak.

  • @admiralmurat2777
    @admiralmurat2777 5 днів тому

    Gay

  • @louisalexandre33
    @louisalexandre33 6 днів тому

    Long format are great, thanks for your work Carneades.

  • @FORTHEPUNCH
    @FORTHEPUNCH 6 днів тому

    This kind of long format in the videos is quite entertaining, please keep it up!

  • @luszczi
    @luszczi 6 днів тому

    Getting a strong uncanny valley feel from the animated head. Not a fan.

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 6 днів тому

      Yeah, there was a reason we put it small in the corner. Just trying out new things.

  • @Realbusinessfoundations
    @Realbusinessfoundations 6 днів тому

    The rape and sexual assault reports have already been debunked numerous times

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 6 днів тому

      Some have been debunked. Others have not and the UN maintains that some did take place. Here's an article that both higlights the debinked accounts and shows that there is still evidence in other cases: (apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-gaza-sexual-violence-zaka-a12f75ddecab75989426f4dc24906ba9)

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 5 днів тому

      Islam has already been debunked numerous times your still here making a fool of yourself

  • @roeydah
    @roeydah 6 днів тому

    There are still less Jews in the world today than there was before the Holocaust. There is more Palestinian alive today than there was before a year ago even in Gaza. This is a war, the fact that 4M Germans (2% of population) died bc they started a war doesn’t make it one.

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 6 днів тому

      As noted in the video, killing people is not the only way to commit a genocide. You can also force people from their homes by inflicting on them conditions calculated to make life unlivable. Over 80% of Gazans have become refugees because of Isreal's genocide. As noted in the video, genocide is about intent, not the share of a population killed.

    • @roeydah
      @roeydah 6 днів тому

      ​@@CarneadesOfCyrene The intent is to destroy Hamas terrorist organization that stated numerous times that its desire to wipe Israel off the map. It was stated multiple times, trying to outstretch "Amalek" or "human animals" (clearly a reference to Hamas' massacre on a music festival) is borderline blood libel. eastern germany was reduced to rubble and many 5M german were displaced, was it a genocide? According to these standarts, the battle on Mosul and the war in Iraq were also a ones.

    • @roeydah
      @roeydah 6 днів тому

      ​@@CarneadesOfCyrene The outstretch of taking gallant "human animals" and "Amalek" which obviously was said on the attack Hamas and the perpetrators of the Nova festival massacre is borderline blood libel. Both Dresden and Moscow were reduced to rubble and most citizens flew them during the war, does that make it a gen*cide? According to your ridiculous misuse of the term, even the batlle on Mosul was a genocide, as the vast majority of buildings were demolished, and most of the population became refugees.

  • @Pfhorrest
    @Pfhorrest 6 днів тому

    Regarding knowledge vs intent, the way you explain it is unclear to me: it sounded earlier like what mattered is whether an agent knew that their actions contributed to a program where *someone else* had intent to destroy a culture; but later such as when discussing removing children from sexually abusive cults, it sounds like merely knowing that their actions *will have the effect* of destroying a culture, even if *nobody* intends its destruction, would be enough. To clarify, the difference here is: - Alice doesn't intend to destroy the Charlionites, but she knows that doing this thing for Bob will help Bob to intentionally destroy the Charlionites. and - Alice doesn't intend to destroy the Charlionites, nor does anyone else, but she knows that doing this thing will have the effect of destroying Charlionites anyway.

  • @Pfhorrest
    @Pfhorrest 6 днів тому

    Re the inclusion of religion among group categories, and maybe you'll get to this soon, it seems like language is just as mutable and voluntary as religion is: kids aren't born speaking any particular language, but they do just grow up learning to speak that way without really making any choice about it (as most people do with religion too), and they could choose to stop speaking that language (although of course it would take some effort, as it would to change religion).

  • @Pfhorrest
    @Pfhorrest 6 днів тому

    Before watching the video proper yet, on the question of format preference, I generally like to have smaller, more easily digestible bits of content, at least when it's anything I need to pay actual attention to and not just background noise. But you could take a long video and break it up into a series of shorter videos and have the best of both worlds.

  • @only20frickinletters
    @only20frickinletters 6 днів тому

    My comments often don't appear on your videos. I assume this is automated youtube moderation, but do you know whether they are hidden until manually approved, or simply gone? That is, should I try submitting edited versions until one is tame enough to pass the filter, or does that simply add more to a backlog (and presumably get every version thrown out).

  • @yqafree
    @yqafree 6 днів тому

    Both short and long content. I know a juggling act, but it is appreciated

  • @vondas1480
    @vondas1480 6 днів тому

    Only racial, and NOT cultural, religious, political, or even national g enocides is immoral. As only race is immutable and carries no judgement on a person beliefs. You can create a nation, let’s make one up called “palestine” that stands for the oppression of women, if you choose to align yourself with such a place I don’t see a problem with your neighbor destroying your home and replacing your country with one that has better policies. The same is true for culture, I hate my culture because it is barbaric so I reject it, anyone else can do the same.

    • @homiespaghetti1522
      @homiespaghetti1522 6 днів тому

      So because you've arbitrarily decided which cultures are bad, it's okay to cause unprecedented suffering upon the civilians of said culture in the means of "cleansing" them? Nice definitely not psychopathic at all

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 6 днів тому

      ⁠@@homiespaghetti1522ya? How did you arbitrarily decide “cleansing” was wrong? Did you use some kind of moral framework? Kind of similar to the one I use to judge cultures? Are you too much of a coward to criticize large groups? And what’s special about culture? There is no meaningful difference between a culture and a political club (except that it’s somehow acceptable to indoctrinate your children into joining). And like any political organization some are evil and should be destroyed. Here I’ll create a culture right now, it’s called “paleztinian” culture, we think human trafficking is great, do not criticize us, ok? See how ridiculous you sound.

    • @zyansheep
      @zyansheep 6 днів тому

      What makes racial genocide immoral but not the other ones? Do you have some particular attachment to genetic diversity but not cultural/ideological diversity?

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 6 днів тому

      @@zyansheep I explained it in my comment and if you sort by new you can see my reply to the other person Basically you have no say in your race and it communicates nothing about you as an individual. You can say “I’m a European” and I would know nothing about and have no reason to wish you ill. Say “I’m an Irish catholic” or “I’m Amish” or “I’m a German NatSoc” or “I’m muslim” and I can make plenty of judgements about you. Genetic diversity serves a practical purpose, “cultural diversity” is Inevitably a mockery of itself, it’s tolerating the the intolerant until there’s no tolerance for anyone.

    • @nienke7713
      @nienke7713 5 днів тому

      Did you even watch the video? The person who originally coined the term was all about culture. The reason race is an important factor is because there are often links between race and culture, just as there are links between nationality and culture, religion and culture, and in some cases even political ideology and culture. And whilst you are able to choose to change elements of your culture, you cannot choose what culture you were born into, and the attempt to destroy a culture is exactly what genocide is all about. Culture is not the same as views, though, it's things like traditions, rituals, holidays, customs, foods, and stories. Just look at people who come from a religious background but no longer believe, and you will often see people still participating in (secularised versions of) the culture (e.g. western Atheists still celebrating things like Easter and Christmas), or look at people who have moved but still practice cultural elements from where they came from.

  • @0xbugati
    @0xbugati 6 днів тому

    Gallant was specifically talking about Hamas in the "human animals" quote not all Gazans

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 6 днів тому

      It is unclear who he is referring to, but I think he could easily be interpreted as referring to all Palestinians, given that seconds earlier he bragged about depriving all Palestinians, not just Hamas of badic services. He says, "We are fighting human animals" (m.ua-cam.com/video/ZbPdR3E4hCk/v-deo.html) something which would constitute dehumanization, a key precursor of genocide regardless of if it is Hamas or Palestinians in general he is referring to.

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 6 днів тому

      It is unclear who exactly he is referring to, but given that seconds before he bragged about cutting off basic services to all Palestinians in Gaza City, not just Hamas, I think it is reasonable to assume he is talking more broadly. (m.ua-cam.com/video/ZbPdR3E4hCk/v-deo.html).

  • @j.r.8176
    @j.r.8176 6 днів тому

    Everyone asks "what is genocide" but no one asks "HOW is genocide" 😔

  • @RENATVS_IV
    @RENATVS_IV 6 днів тому

    Good idea Carneades, we need to have this discussion, without dogmas nor whether there is a genocide or not in Middle East, because that's what we have to assess

  • @danielnelson3136
    @danielnelson3136 6 днів тому

    I agree it's a very interesting philosophical topic of genocide, and IMO it'll always be dependent on situations that make genocide far worse or lighter. For example I think that history and the passage of time does lessen the severity of genocide the more distant the event is in the past, like the Spanish settlers and the Aztec empire, and ultimately the fall of the Aztecs due to their lack of adapting to measles and chicken pox the Spanish brought, but also due to a lot of cultural differences like live human sacrifices of warriors nearby Aztec empire which the Spanish under their Christian worldview is viewed as untenable, the language barriers, and so on. In this context you could argue that due to a lot of cultural differences, and even Aztec's refusing to change their cultural practice, live human sacrifices, pissing off nearby tribes which made them reach out to the Spanish for a coalition against the Aztec empire.

  • @Ninja9JKD
    @Ninja9JKD 6 днів тому

    Another answer: Palestinian

    • @adamgrant6936
      @adamgrant6936 6 днів тому

      You didn't watch it didn't you

    • @eduardtarniceriu102
      @eduardtarniceriu102 6 днів тому

      Population of GAZA has grown by almost a million in the last 16 years . That's a very strange type of genocide where the population actually increases The genocide is non existent

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 6 днів тому

      Another answer: alderaan

    • @farahshah3072
      @farahshah3072 6 днів тому

      @@eduardtarniceriu102 The reason why the population of Gaza has increased is because of the displacement of Palestinians across occupied territory as Israel's border gets larger. Not becauseof birthrate, it would be impossible for a population to increase that much over the course of 16 years just through people having children

    • @roeydah
      @roeydah 6 днів тому

      @@farahshah3072 The population of arabs in israel pre 48' was 850K. nowadays- 7M. Your numbers just don't add up.

  • @Ninja9JKD
    @Ninja9JKD 6 днів тому

    Let's cover democide next?

  • @enterthevoidIi
    @enterthevoidIi 7 днів тому

    Didn't Israel secretly sterilize Black Jewish people from Africa to stop them from procrastinating?

  • @InventiveHarvest
    @InventiveHarvest 7 днів тому

    I liked this video even though the topic is dismal. But, that often is the case with the world and we need to talk about it I am going to discuss intent in regards to being sufficient and/or necessary for genocide. Sufficient - if the extermination of a people is called for, but there is no plan to enact the extermination, is that genocide or does a plan need to accompany intent? What if the person calling for extermination has enough public sway that the extermination might be enacted by their followers even if they did not specify a plan? Sometimes these lines are not easy to draw. Necessary - When a government enacts socialism, causing mass starvation is that genocide even if their foolish intent was to create some type of utopia? Often starvation disproportionally some groups more than others. Right now, Milei is attempting to move Argentina into a more free market economy. While this should work in the long run, he did warn that things would get worse during the transition. Again, these lines are hard to draw.

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 6 днів тому

      The unintended consequences question is an interesting one. Mao's great leap forward comes to mind. If you think intent is required, then it would not qualify. If you think knowledge is sufficient, that is a harder question to answer. Some movements towards communism have led to horrible death tolls, other movements towards democratic socialism have not (see Scandinavian countries). So should a leader know whether their actions will go to far and tip over into a massive extinction? The answer is likely nuanced and specific to the country, the leader, and the specific proposal.

  • @lukasmiller8531
    @lukasmiller8531 7 днів тому

    I strongly disagree. I usually think your videos are of really good quality, but here, after building almost an hour to the main point, you don’t actually justify anything. I don’t think you can establish intent by using 3 random quotes. There is no indiscriminate bombing, otherwise the ratio of civilian to hamas casualties would not be 4:1 - 8:1, it would be way higher. This is a horrific conflict that needs to stop, and I don’t claim the IDF is acting perfectly, but this is almost to be expected in a highly urban conflict where one party deliberately hides amongst the civilian population. This is horrible and must stop. But if this war is a genocide, every war is.

    • @enterthevoidIi
      @enterthevoidIi 7 днів тому

      Yes there is indiscriminate bombing obviously. And you're only explanation is that the number would be much higher if it were indiscriminate. Based on what? That's a completely arbitrary statement that could be refuted by simply saying that the ratio would be lower if it were not indiscriminate. No, not every war is genocide but this attack on civilians definitely is.

    • @lukasmiller8531
      @lukasmiller8531 6 днів тому

      @@enterthevoidIi If you (or this channel) thinks there is indiscriminate bombing, it is on you to prove this, not simply claim it. High numbers casualties alone doesn't prove that the bombing is indiscriminate. And why would the ration not be a good argument? If the bombing was random, one would expect way worse ratios, considering the ratio of civilian population in general to hamas fighters

    • @enterthevoidIi
      @enterthevoidIi 6 днів тому

      ​@@lukasmiller8531 Well, the problem is not that it cannot be proved. (it can, it's more than obvious - for example, in the first few months, more civilians, especially kids, were killed than in any other assault in modern warfare over such a short time). The problem is that gen0c-ide apologists such as yourself will claim it's not happening no matter how strong and clear the evidence is. Again, your argument is completely arbitrary. It's used to deflect, not to prove anything. Other than that, you've got nothing.

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 6 днів тому

      Happy to debate and talk through disagreements. That is what we are here for. A couple thoughts: First, remember that genocide does not require killing, just forced displacement (creating the conditions that make it impossible for life to continue in that place). The indiscriminate bombing has led to forced displacement of close to the entirety of the population. Netanyahu has refused to come up with a plan for Gaza after the war and there are indications that Isreal intends to annex at least part of the territory, completing the genocide of removing a people from a place. The share of Hamas causualties to civilian causualities is disputed, and President Herzog has claimed that the entire nation is responsible for the attacks, so I don't know if Isreal's assessment of who is a combatant should be trusted. Further, we can't draw a particular line between the ratio of civilians vs. combatants, meaning something is a genocide. The ratio of military personnel to civilians killed in WWII was 1:2, yet no one in their right mind would argue against the claim that at least one if not several genocides were committed in that war. In terms of intent, those were merely a few quotes because we would be here all day if I cited them all. There are many more, including from religious leaders, journalists, and other professionals throughout the country advocating for genocide. Soldiers boast of exterminating the cockroaches, including bragging about killing families, mothers, and children, taking pride in the destruction of homes, and desecrating places of worship. Read the UNHRC's report for citations for all these claims. Is all war genocide? I don't think so. It likely comes down to intent. Are you trying to "Bomb without distinction!!... flatten Gaza. Without Mercy! This time no room for mercy!" as Isreali politicians have ordered troops to do, then it is.

    • @enterthevoidIi
      @enterthevoidIi 6 днів тому

      @@lukasmiller8531 the problem is not that I cannot prove it (it is more than obvious). The problem is that not matter how much proof there is, you will claim it's not happening.

  • @towardsmazplus
    @towardsmazplus 7 днів тому

    Video starts at 51:06

  • @benross9174
    @benross9174 7 днів тому

    Using the word genocide in situations where it doesnt apply really devalues the term; especially when people throw it out for emotional reasons or to get a reaction. A situation can be really, really bad and tragic without having to use the most extreme/inflammetary language possible. Genocide is a very specific legal term where the most important thing is about intent. For example the nuking of Hiroshima and Nagasaki legally aren’t a genocide; even though thats a really bad or tragic situation thats arguably worse than some actual genocides. Words ought to actually mean something; otherwise they dont matter.

    • @diogo7905
      @diogo7905 7 днів тому

      I believe that we will very much regret the complete trivialization of these terms.

    • @enterthevoidIi
      @enterthevoidIi 7 днів тому

      But also using what you said as a way to shut down people who call something genocide is not good either.

    • @benross9174
      @benross9174 6 днів тому

      @@enterthevoidIi If there isnt an actual genocide going on of course you shouldnt take that seriously. Its not the truth. Not even in a subjective way; its provable by law/legal terms. If there is an actual genocide going on you should obviously take that seriously. What matters is whether its true/maps on to reality or not

  • @ns1extreme
    @ns1extreme 7 днів тому

    I always loved your channel but my respect for you increased a lot after this video. Thank you! And as for me I prefer longer deep dives into topics but the shorter videos can be nice too.

  • @Bryancm2792
    @Bryancm2792 7 днів тому

    Pass this over to Candace Owens

  • @zsdCKanVOIJANSO
    @zsdCKanVOIJANSO 7 днів тому

    Only a few minutes in, but I’d like it if the channel had a mix of the usual style and had a few videos like this. Videos with lots of history like this seem to warrant the deep dive. But with other topics where you are just going over concepts, that is probably unnecessary.

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 7 днів тому

      Thanks!

    • @skeetorkiftwon
      @skeetorkiftwon 7 днів тому

      ​@@CarneadesOfCyrene If you delete comments, then eventually UA-cam will delete your channel, or free thinkers will delete UA-cam (we already are). Take your pick. You've already thrown down the gauntlet with your video, so, in for a penny, in for a pound. Censorship is illogical because it foments men like Locke to write, anonymously, revolutionary texts. Kind of like me telling you about declining EROEI. Eventually men aren't so comfortable being comfortable. 50% of Gaza is children. Censoring dissent won't change that. Genocide is the slaughter of people based on a cultural phenomenon such as race, religion, or creed. Unless the people with precious metal last names are involved, then its definition is in superposition. Because, "greatest ally."

    • @skeetorkiftwon
      @skeetorkiftwon 7 днів тому

      ​@@CarneadesOfCyrene Declining EROEI. Coward.

    • @Asankeket
      @Asankeket 6 днів тому

      That's what I wanted to say. Seconded.

  • @clementdato6328
    @clementdato6328 7 днів тому

    Why are nationality, ethnicity, religion and race special among other constructs in society? 16:36 also, it is difficult to argue that you don’t want to eliminate the cult if it is literally a cult. You are not just protecting children, but also other human as well.

    • @CarneadesOfCyrene
      @CarneadesOfCyrene 7 днів тому

      Good questions. The problem is that the line between a cult and a religion is blurry. And Some of the historical genocides that are covered are committed because someone claimed that a particular religion was a cult. The Christian missionaries that took Native children from their families thought they were saving those children, but, by some definitions they were destroying those cultures. The question would be, what makes a religion sufficiently immoral such that destroying it is not genocide? There have been religions that practice human sacrifice. Is genocide against them (perhaps of type 5) morally permissible? There are other religions/ethnic groups that engage in things that could be considered child abuse (e.g. FGM, gay conversion therapy, etc.). Does that justify removing children from such a culture, even if it has the consequence of destroying that culture? Are harmful cultures really worth saving? Who gets to decide what makes a culture harmful, since everyone that has committed a genocide, probably thinks the culture they are trying to destroy is harmful.

    • @vhawk1951kl
      @vhawk1951kl 6 днів тому

      To start there is no such thing as race and intellectual algebra or substituting one unknown and undefined for another unknown/undefined such as x=y=x where neither x nor y are defined or ascribed a value assists no-one.. *All* war is one grouping or another with one or another set of characteristics trying to wipe out another, thus*All* war is pick any elastic neologism for sin or diddums-doesn't-like-it, you please. The sooner that pointless waste of space the UN is abolished the better -It is no more than a toothless talking shop and make- work for the otherwise employable. There is not and cannot be, any such thing as international law because law is a function of a sovereign(which means subject to *No* authority whatsoever) and there is not a nation country or people on this planet that does not suppose itself to be both sovereign and independent and there is a shortage of international sovereigns to the exact tune of *any-at-all*. So long as you are not entirely witles it is plain as day that national sovereignty and international law are mutually exclusive ideas. What the fanatical followers of that queer religion modernism want to do is elasticate the definition of that neologism genocide so that will fit any sin they do not like. Although there is no verb to genocide(and be grateful for that small mercy) in the second war the Nazis wanted to genocide anyone they did not like and then the allies wanted to genocide the Nazis and as by-catch, the German people and no -one was bleating about genocide then. The modernist loons and all beings would do well to look at the tuquoque fallacy and se if the can understand why it is a fallacy. Reflective justification of the but-please-miss-johnny-hit-me-first variety is infantile and helps no-one what to do when countries or peoples want to go in for mutual genocide or war? First off get rid of all that good/evil, right/wrong morals/ethics, religious mumbic jum, which only serves to stupefy those that go in for it. Genocide is a neologism it can mean anything you damn please which makes it effectively meaningless and little more than a cognate of Super_Sin and there is no doubt that the fanatical followers of that queer religion modernism are utterly obsessed with sin which stupefies them in that all that morality ethics nonsense is merely reactions of of the emotional(like/dislike) function or part of their common presences which makes them incapable of impartial(not from *only_one* part) reason. It is stupefying foolishness to dress up what are no more than subjective relative and temporary mechanical-automatic reactions of that on function or part as if they were not no more than subjective relative and temporary mechanical-automate ructions of that on function or part yo which men(human beings/dreaming machines) are such abject slaves they simply *cannot be indifferent to what in reality are no more than no more than subjective relative and temporary mechanical-automate reactions of that one function or part If *It reacts dislike then everything else goes out of the window and to the devil.Men(human beings/dreaming machines have many other functions than just that one emotional(like/dislike) function which is their god, lord, master- pick any one you please Are they remotely interested in freeing themselves from that slavery? To ask that question is to answer it.

    • @vondas1480
      @vondas1480 2 дні тому

      @@CarneadesOfCyrene there’s nothing special about a culture, it’s literally just exclusive social club that some delusional and often racist people have arbitrarily elevated. I would feel more pity for an anime club being disbanded than any so called “cultural g enocide”. If it’s not targeting race, gender or sexual orientation it’s perfectly fine.

  • @vhawk1951kl
    @vhawk1951kl 7 днів тому

    It is not for a white elephant like the pointless waste of space the UN to define anything. Genocide is a neologism that can mean anything you like and frequently does There is no such thing as the entirety of humanity which like all universals can only be imaginary. The speaker clearly has a nasty dose of religion, in particular that queer religion modernism, which makes up its definitions as it goes along so that they can be as elastic as possible, and it so stupefies its followers that they have fool ideas such as that there is any such thing as international law.this dolt with a nasty dose of religion wants to move the goalposts to suit his own w queer religious beliefs. First he decides that some vague generalisation are sacred cows and then that the Israelis ae sinners. the dolt does not seem able to grasp that all war is genocide if you define genocide loosely enough.He is the perfect example of how religion stupefies the reason. The dolt- like most of those stuprfied by religion, supposes there to be magic in words- or particular magic in the nelogism genocide.

  • @its_allen_mori.xy3
    @its_allen_mori.xy3 7 днів тому

  • @SaifurMohsin
    @SaifurMohsin 7 днів тому

    This needs to be taught in Israeli schools

    • @silent_stalker3687
      @silent_stalker3687 7 днів тому

      Sir that would just increase the child abuse rates. Think of the children

    • @vhawk1951kl
      @vhawk1951kl 7 днів тому

      Are children not already stuffed full with religious mublic jum of the sort drivelled by that fool religious fanatic. there is *No_magic* in the neologism genocide which the loon seems to suppose to be some sort of super_sin. What fanatical folowers of that queer religion modernism want to do is to keep afjusting their whooly arbitrary and artificial definitions to suit anything they don't like, they being the abject slaves of that one function Wr is try to kill or capture or otherwise oppress a group known as the enemy thus all wars are genocide and if all wars are genocide and if eveything and anything you please is genocide then *Nothing* is genocide. Truly religion is the great stupefier of men(human beings/ dreaming machines) I*Everything* is a sin, the *Nothing is a sin but the fanatical followers of that fool religion modernism are so obsessed with sin that it completely stupefies them-as the author of that drivel illustrates.

    • @skeetorkiftwon
      @skeetorkiftwon 7 днів тому

      ​@@vhawk1951kl It's pretty illegible, bud. I don't read emotional.

    • @vhawk1951kl
      @vhawk1951kl 7 днів тому

      @@skeetorkiftwon You obtained your law degree at which university titch? Illegal means contrary to the provisions of a criminal statute enacted by a sovereign. Which criminal statute enacted by which sovereign have you in mind little elsie? No law yer you titch. let's face it you Elsies - the Lower Classes are not exactly notorious for their wits and erudition,and you in particular are clearly wholly innocent of any sort of intellectual ability or accomplishment, which is why your best and only shot is rather feeble pious bleating about that of which you have neither knowledge or experience.Go back to the shallow end little Elsie.

    • @eduardtarniceriu102
      @eduardtarniceriu102 6 днів тому

      By Palestine society is practised